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Myung Joong KIM CEO of DiYPRO Co. & Rotterdam School of Management MBA 2012 kim.diypro@gmail.com
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2011. 1. 27. 06:30 인생이모작/가격 전략


In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution (pronounced [pwasɔ̃]) (or Poisson law of small numbers[1]) is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a number of events occurring in a fixed period of time if these events occur with a known average rate and independently of the time since the last event. (The Poisson distribution can also be used for the number of events in other specified intervals such as distance, area or volume.)

The distribution was first introduced by Siméon-Denis Poisson (1781–1840) and published, together with his probability theory, in 1838 in his work Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matière criminelle et en matière civile (“Research on the Probability of Judgments in Criminal and Civil Matters”). The work focused on certain random variables N that count, among other things, the number of discrete occurrences (sometimes called “arrivals”) that take place during a time-interval of given length.

- definition from Wikipedia, searched at 26 Jan 2011



posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 25. 11:06 인생이모작/가격 전략
Summary
Most business decision, such as launching a new product, are taken with incomplete knowledge about how the future will evolve. There is a big difference between naive decision making, educated guesses and calculated risks. Risk analysis aims to achieve the last of these.
The main tools are sensitivity analysis(what-if question, what-if table), scenario analysis. decision analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. Some understanding of probabilities and a lot of common sense is required to make good use of a simulation exercise.

List of questions you shoud ask yourself that will help you to evaluate properly the results of a risk analysis exercise
What is the range of possible values for the main outputs?
What is the expected rate of return?
What is the downside of this investment?
How could I cope with the downside?
Is there any combination of uncertainties that result in catastrophic consequences?
Which are the main uncertainty drivers causing the variation in profits?
What can I do to reduce these uncertainties?
How does the risk-return profile fo this project compares to other alternatives?

Full script

Taking the isk outof uncertainty by Kiriakos Vlahos
posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 25. 10:27 인생이모작/가격 전략

Optimization based on complexity and conflicts.
I couldnt get the concept. Maybe reason why couldnt get it is lack of understanding on the definition of conflicts.

the chart of Management Science by Prof. Nishant, Rotterdam School of Management
Why are decisions hard?
- complexity : multitude of interrelated factors
- Conflicts : Competing goals and objectives
- Uncertainty: Limited knowledge of the future
- Impact : Responsibility for fat-reaching consequences
- and more...

NPV = Net Present Value
In finance, the net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW)[1] of a time series of cash flows, both incoming and outgoing, is defined as the sum of the present values (PVs) of the individual cash flows. In the case when all future cash flows are incoming (such as coupons and principal of a bond) and the only outflow of cash is the purchase price, the NPV is simply the PV of future cash flows minus the purchase price (which is its own PV). NPV is a central tool in discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, and is a standard method for using the time value of money to appraise long-term projects. Used for capital budgeting, and widely throughout economics, finance, and accounting, it measures the excess or shortfall of cash flows, in present value terms, once financing charges are met.

The NPV of a sequence of cash flows takes as input the cash flows and a discount rate or discount curve and outputting a price; the converse process in DCF analysis - taking a sequence of cash flows and a price as input and inferring as output a discount rate (the discount rate which would yield the given price as NPV) - is called the yield, and is more widely used in bond trading.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As my understanding current value of money is always greater than future one of that. (Am I correct? God, I am not good at numbers...)
After the first class...
Management Sceince is better start with simple model, with basic factors, and then put other factors that you concern as significant factor. As I understood, you better know the limit of factors that you can use in your model, actually you decide it, because of uncertainty you model could be getting worst if you put to many factors.
 More than gathering informations for factors, concentrating on analysis is better. Single-point forecasts is always wrong and decision based on them is dangerous. This is ignoring uncertainty. To use scenario, you can find range of results, and then to use sensitivity analysis, you can figure out which factors are significantly impact on the result, which mean the main uncertainty drivers. For this, methodologies are What-if analysis, one-way and Two-way sensitivity analysis and Tornado diagrams.

Note from the lecture of Management Science by Prof. Nishant, RSM MBA

posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 21. 06:25 인생이모작/가격 전략
Keep focus on core competence.
Think different
Hiring creative people
etc.

To achieve something difficult and important - Bill Collins Ph.D., Erasmus University

This is also very good choice, if a competitor expect to imitate your product.
posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 21. 05:48 인생이모작/가격 전략
The most reason that I left my last excellent job in XXX Management Association was I couldn't really enjoy my job. During the first year, I could feel myself on the way to go social entrepreneur(honestly at that time, I was just think about what sustainability is and the in the perspective what my role is), however since 2nd year  I faced several limitation as low level employee and couldn't push to do right way, which follow my value. To me company's policy of sustainability was just a method that how they can earn more money. Plus, every time I ask what is our company's value to me and co-worker, the answer was frustrated me.
"X company is our big customer, so for them we should be nice even in the audit"
It seems like changing attitude or behavior as favor, but more than that the attitude was coming from a belief that customer always having a right, which is not allowed for audit situation.
According to the knowledge from Bill's organizational behavior class, the things from the root to the end are "value", "belief", "attitude" and "behavior". In my ex-companies case, the value was not match with mine. Like Bill said in the class, value is judgement that has right and wrong. To me, many decision and behavior was wrong, but to company it was right.
Further more, value can slowly change not like other root idea, such as personality and intelligence, because it has no genetic transmission, but there is no movement to concern what is right or wrong.  
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Theory of reasoned action

posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 20. 05:05 인생이모작/가격 전략
정규과정에서는 첫번째로 Term 1에 있는 Organizational Behavior(조직행동론?) 수업이 시작됐다.
Bill Collins, Ph.D.에 의해서 진행된 수업은 OB가 성공적으로 활용된 예인 사우스웨스트 항공 case study로 시작되었다. 많은 책들에서 다뤄진 내용이어서 친숙한 내용이기에 한편으로는 조금 아쉬움이 있었지만 역시 Dr. Karen의 수업처럼 기존의 알고 있던 내용에 어마어마한 지식을 덧붙일수 있는 기회여서 친숙한 소재라는 것은 잊고 충분히 만족스러웠다.

오늘 OB가 적용된 사례가 무엇인지 전체를 보고 이후 과정은 가장 밑단을 이루는 Values, Beliefs, Attitudes and behavior에 다루고 그것이 반영된 목표는 어떤것인가에 다루게 될것이다.
그리고 나서야 개인 -> 사람사이 -> 조직 -> 더욱 큰 조직 의 순서로 진행이 된다.
Bill의 수업이 좋았던 것은 체계적으로 다가오는 맛이 있어서였다고 할까?
아직은 이쪽 분야에서 사용하는 단어를 잘모르지만 그 개념들을 이해!하는 것이 이번 OB 과정에서의 목표중 하나이다.
이외의 배우고 싶은 것은
"조직이 커져도 가치가 위에서 아래까지 올바르게 전달될 방법"과 이에 연결지어서 "가치가 오염되지 않을 방법, 설사 오염되었어도 다시 정화될수 있는 방법"에 대한 Key를 얻고 싶다.
posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 18. 10:23 인생이모작/가격 전략

What is motivator of Cognitive Surplus

 

Myung Joong KIM

RSM, Erasmus University, FT MBA 2012

Kim.diypro@gmail.com

 

In many business situations, money is the most important resource to bring change, invention or success in management. This is the point that many small companies and Non-for-profit organizations struggle to overcome, but not easily don’t. However if every single successful story has big budget which supported it, every chance to success would be focus to the Fortune 100, but is not. Also we are very familiar with success story of Wikipedia, Linux or Firefox, which are not supported by big company money rather than are supported by anonymous contributions. I insist now it is time to think about cognitive surplus and to motivate it with what.

 According to a definition in Urbandictionary.com[1], “Cognitive Surplus” is “A word coined by former Silicon Alley Reporter columnist Clay Shirky to describe the free time that people have on their hands to engage in collaborative activities, specially as applies to web 2.0.”

 Clay Shirky says Americans watch roughly 200 billion hours of TV every year, which are represents about 2,000 Wikipedia projects’ worth of time annually. (Shirky, 2010[2]) In some how this huge cognitive surplus is moving to change and influence the world. Shriky’s opinion is this behaviors are based on generosity that created by social constrains rather than contractual constraints did.(Shriky, 2010[3]) The graph below explains influencing of change fines for late-coming parents in Kindergarten.


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Average number of late-coming parents. Per week ([4] Gneezy and Rustichini 2000)

 

With this point of view, Daniel Pink, who is the author of Drive : The surprising truth About What Motivates Us., stays in the line with Shriky. As the rich world is in the middle of management revolution from “motivation 2.0” to “motivation 3.0”, Pink insist that our motivation is getting closer to intrinsic motivators than to extrinsic ones.(The Economist, 2010[5])

With this new aspect of motivation, many business leaders should change their compensation system. But Shriky and Pink’s arguments are depends on highly selective reading of the academic literature. Four reviews of research on the subject from 1980s onwards have all come to the same conclusion: that pay-for-performance can increase productivity dramatically. A study of an American glass-installation company, for example, found that shifting from salaries to individual incentives increased productivity by 44%. More recent research on workers at a Chinese electronics factory also confirms that performance-related pay, especially the threat of losing income is an excellent motivator. (The Economist, 2010[6]) In the given examples, however, we need to focus 2 points. The case that researched about a glass company in USA was in the 1980s and the most motivator in Chinese factory was losing income, not rising income. In my point of view, extrinsic motivator mostly activates in material abundance culture or organization that is higher than 3rd stage, love and belonging, in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Pink also point out “This material abundance has, paradoxically, placed a new premium on the non-material”(Pink, 2008)[7]


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An interpretation of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Wikipedia, 2010[8])

 

Finally, to tap the covered talents, which is Cognitive Surplus, is start with realizing what stage we are on. To impact every people in the each stage, we have to think about how we can deal with intrinsic and extrinsic motivators at the same time. Like Pink said the “Six senses”(Pink, 2008[9]) – design, story, symphony, empathy, play and meaning – can work as motivator for people in developed country, but they might be too emotional way for ones in developing country. As next step of this study, I would like to bring the Network Management of Dr. Karen, especially “Trust”.

 

 

 

Reference to

[1] Accessed http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=cognitive%20surplus, January 14 2011

2  Shirky, Clay 2010. Tapping the Cognitive Surplus. The Futurist, November-December:21-22

3  Accessed http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cognitive_surplus_will_change_the_world.html,

 TED@cannes, posted Jun 2010

4 http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cognitive_surplus_will_change_the_world.html, TED@cannes, posted Jun 2010

5 Anonymous. Business: Driven to distraction; Schumpeter The Economist. London: Jan 16, 2010. Vol.394; pg.66

6 Anonymous. Business: Driven to distraction; Schumpeter The Economist. London: Jan 16, 2010. Vol.394; pg.66

7 Daniel Pink, Do the right thing, Peoplemanagement.co.uk, Apr 3, 2008

8 Accessed http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs, January 2011

9 Daniel Pink, Do the right thing, Peoplemanagement.co.uk, Apr 3, 2008

 



[2] Shirky, Clay 2010. Tapping the Cognitive Surplus. The Futurist, November-December:21-22

[5] Anonymous. Business: Driven to distraction; Schumpeter The Economist. London: Jan 16, 2010. Vol.394; pg.66

[6] Anonymous. Business: Driven to distraction; Schumpeter The Economist. London: Jan 16, 2010. Vol.394; pg.66

[7] Daniel Pink, Do the right thing, Peoplemanagement.co.uk, Apr 3, 2008

[9] Daniel Pink, Do the right thing, Peoplemanagement.co.uk, Apr 3, 2008

posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 16. 10:23 인생이모작/가격 전략
다가오는 금요일의 referencing과제로 Cognitive surplus를 주제로 한 글을 쓰기로 마음먹었다.
어떤 방향으로 글을 쓸것인가...
우선 잉여인지(지식)에 대해 정의를 쓰고 Pink의 저서인 Drive에서 언급한 것처럼 어떻게 사람들이 Motivaterk 되는가를 언급한 다음에 그것이 Dr. Karen의 네트웍의 이론에서 어떻게 실현될수 있는가를 이야기를 Trust Ladder와 3가지 타입의 Pulse Taker, Gate keep 그리고 Hub를 연관지어서 설명을 해보자.
말은 쉽지... 하나같이 제대로 이해를 하고 있는 것이 없어서 위의 쓴거 이상으로 길게 쓸수가 있을거 걱정이다.
아직 cognitive surplus도 drive도 Dr. karen의 이론도.., 모두 제대로 이해하고 있지 못하는 판국에 제대로 적을수 있을지 모르겠다. 하지만 이렇게 하지 않으면 언제 이해를 하겠는가? ㅎㅎ
부딪히는 거지요. 다만 가기전에 조금 더 방향에 대해서는 고민을 해보자. 그래야 시행착오를 좀 더 줄이겠지.
책을 다 읽을수 있는 시간도 없고 내가 작성해야 하는 페이지가 2쪽에 한정이 되는 것이니 내용을 간단하게 하자. 더군다나 이번 과제의 주목적은 참고표시하는 방법을 익히는 것이다. 그렇다면 내가 나중에 이렇게 관심을 가지고 공부를 해보겠다는 식으로 지금의 지식에서 나열을 하는 정도로 작성을 해보는 것이 어떨까?
 
와우~ 지금 도서관을 찾아보니 두권의 책이 모두 있다. 그것도 Full text로 e-library 를 이용해서 볼수 있나보다.
어떻게 사용하는지 몰라서 좀 헤매고 있기는 하지만 공짜로 볼수 있게 되서 좋다. 하긴... 어마어마하게 낸 등록금이 있는데 당연한 걸지도.. ㅎ
책들이 도서관에 있기는 한데 하나는 오디오북이고 하나는 책으로만 있다. 금요일의 제출하는 과제이고 앞서 이야기한 것처럼 본래의 목적을 잘 기억한다면 선택해야 하는 방법은 저널에서 논평한 것을 바탕으로 글을 쓰는게 맞는거 같다. 근데 본 저자의 글을 인용해서 다시 저널에서 언급된 것을 어떻게 써야 하는거지?? 지난 클래스 내용을 다시 한번 보고 작성을 시작해야겠다.

posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 14. 08:42 인생이모작/가격 전략
오늘의 강의는 Dr. Karen Stephenson과 Ph.D. Tom Yannuzzi.에 의해서 이루어졌다.
Social Network Analysis와 Personal Leadership Development(Systemic Constructionist Leadership) 강의였다. 이미 프래그1기를 진행할때 정재윤 각하의 추천에 따라 A.L.바라바시의 Linked를 읽은 바가 있고, 또한 매우 그 이론이나 생각에 감탄을 해서 계속해서 관심을 가지고 있던 영역이었다.
금요일에 referencing 과제를 제출하는 것도 cognitive surplus에 대한 것과 네트웍을 연관지어서 작성하는 것을 생각하고 있었는데 오늘의 강의를 들으니 더더욱이 기운이나고 내가 생각하는 방향이 맞는게 확신이 들어서 정말 기분이 좋았다.
무엇보다 hierarchy가 어떻게 network과 merging이 되는지를 알게 된 것은 정말 큰 소득이었다. 두개를 별개의 구조로 생각하고 있었고 융화되어 있는게 불가능하다고 생각하고 있었기 때문이다.

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by Dr. Karen Stephenson

또한 지금까지 단순히 Hub의 역활에 대해서만 생각을 했는데 Gatekeeper와 Pulse taker로 구분을 짓는다면 네트웍에서 일어나는 현상에 대해서 한결 더 명확하게 설명을 해낼수가 있었다. (실제로 나는 내 스스로를 허브라고 생각하고 있었지만 내가 가진 성향은 Gatekeeper와 Pulse taker의 중간정도에 위치한다. 물론 조직에 따라 다른 성향을 띄게 되겠지만 기본적인 성향은 그렇다.)

내가 네트워크 이론에 대해서 관심을 가지는 이유는 무엇보다 이것이 단순히 한가지 이론에 그치는 것이 아니라 우리 주변을 둘러쌓고 있는 사회와 현상을 설명할수 있는 근본적인 지식이라 생각하기 때문이다.
좀 더 실질적인 측면에서는 네트워크에 대해 정통하는 것이 내가 앞으로 이루고자 하는 사회적기업을 구성하는데 있어 비대해지는 조직에서 the core identity를 어떻게 유지할 수 있는 방법을 알려줄 것이고, Money power없이(혹은 적은) 변화를 이끌어 낼수 있는 방법이라 믿기 때문이다.
posted by 댄디킴
2011. 1. 14. 05:33 인생이모작/가격 전략
사실 near라는 표현보다는 바로 앞이라는 표현이 더 맞다.
콩코디아는 정말 아이하우스의 코앞에 있다, 뒷문이.
매일 제공되는 저녁 메뉴가 있는데 6.50유로이다. 메뉴는 일반적으로 제공되는 10유로 정도되는 메뉴들 중에 한가지가 선정되어 저렴하게 학생들에게 제공된다.
일주일에 한번 정도 이 식당을 이용하는 것은 매우 괜찮은 생각이다. 현실적으로 방안에서 만들어 먹기에는 쉽지 않은 음식이 제공되기 때문이다.
또한가지 콩코디아에 대한 팁을 주자면....
월요일 마다 10.50유로에 폭립을 마음껏 먹을수 있는 기회가 주어진다. 마음껏~!
아직까지 한번도 이용은 해보지 않았지만 다른 음식들의 맛으로 봐서는 괜찮을 것이라 예상된다.
사진을 찍으면서 한가지 아쉬운건... 정작 나는 없다는거.. ㅜ.ㅜ
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posted by 댄디킴